Sea-fastening Procedures - Bemny Engineering and Logistics Limited

Introduction:

Sea fastening refers to the process of securing cargo onto a vessel so that it can withstand the forces of the sea during transit. The safety of the cargo and crew depends on the correct execution of this process. Incorrect sea fastening can result in cargo shifting or even being lost at sea. Therefore, it is essential to follow the correct sea fastening procedures.

Contents:

• Understanding the cargo
• Choosing the right fastening methods
• Tools and Equipment Needed
• Types of Fastening Materials
• Securing the cargo
• Inspection and maintenance

Understanding the cargo:

The first step in the sea fastening process is to understand the cargo that needs to be transported. This includes its weight, size, and shape. Understanding the cargo’s characteristics will help determine the best method for securing it on the vessel. It is also essential to consider any special requirements for transporting the cargo, such as temperature control, hazardous materials, or fragile items.

Choosing the right fastening methods:

Once you have a clear understanding of the cargo, you can begin designing your sea fastening. There are various fastening methods available, including lashing, blocking, and bracing. The correct method will depend on the cargo’s weight, shape, and the type of vessel being used. It is important to consider the following factors when choosing a fastening method:

• The cargo’s center of gravity: This is the point at which the weight of the cargo is evenly distributed. The fastening method should be chosen so that the cargo’s center of gravity remains within the vessel’s limits.
• The forces of the sea: The cargo will be subject to various forces during transit, such as waves, wind, and current. The fastening method should be able to withstand these forces without causing any damage to the cargo or the vessel.
• The vessel’s movement: The fastening method should be chosen so that it can withstand the vessel’s movement, including pitching, rolling, and yawing.
• Regulations: It is important to consider any regulations or guidelines that may apply to the cargo being transported, such as the International Maritime Organization’s Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code).

Tools and Equipment Needed

To properly secure cargo on a vessel, a variety of tools and equipment is necessary. These include:

• Lashing straps: These are strong straps made of polyester or nylon that are used to tie down cargo.
• Chain binders: These are devices used to tighten chains used for securing cargo.
• Turnbuckles: These are used to adjust the tension of the straps or chains used to secure cargo.
• Shackles: These are used to connect chains and straps to the vessel.
• Dunnage: This refers to materials such as wood or plastic used to fill gaps between cargo and prevent movement.
• Timber chocks: These are wooden wedges used to prevent cargo from moving sideways.
• Blocking and bracing materials: These are materials used to create a solid base for cargo and prevent it from shifting during transport.
• Container twist locks: These are used to connect containers to the vessel and prevent them from moving.
• Cargo nets: These are used to secure loose items or small objects that cannot be tied down with straps or chains.

Types of Fastening Materials

There are several types of fastening materials available for securing cargo on a vessel:

• Lashing straps: These are the most commonly used material for securing cargo on a vessel. They are available in various lengths and strengths and can be used to tie down a variety of cargo.
• Chains: Chains are a stronger alternative to lashing straps and are used for securing heavier cargo. They are available in various sizes and strengths and can be connected using chain binders and shackles.
• Turnbuckles: Turnbuckles are used to adjust the tension of lashing straps or chains to ensure proper tightness.
• Dunnage: Dunnage materials such as wood or plastic are used to fill gaps between cargo and prevent movement.
• Timber chocks: Timber chocks are wooden wedges used to prevent cargo from moving sideways. They are especially useful for securing items such as heavy machinery.
• Blocking and bracing materials: Blocking and bracing materials are used to create a solid base for cargo and prevent it from shifting during transport. Materials such as plywood or foam can be used for this purpose.
• Container twist locks: Container twist locks are used to connect containers to the vessel and prevent them from moving during transport.
• Cargo nets: Cargo nets are used to secure loose items or small objects that cannot be tied down with straps or chains.

Securing the cargo:

Once you have chosen the right fastening method, you can begin securing the cargo. This involves attaching the cargo to the vessel using ropes, chains, or straps. It is important to ensure that the fastening is tight enough to prevent the cargo from shifting but not so tight that it causes damage to the cargo or the vessel. The following steps should be taken when securing the cargo:

• Position the cargo: The cargo should be positioned in the center of the vessel and secured in place using blocking and bracing techniques.
• Attach the fastening: The fastening should be attached to the cargo and the vessel using appropriate hardware, such as shackles or turnbuckles.
• Apply tension: The fastening should be tightened to the correct tension using a tensioning tool, such as a ratchet strap or come-along.
• Check the tension: The tension should be checked regularly during transit to ensure that it remains at the correct level. If the tension loosens, it should be retightened immediately.

Inspection and maintenance:

Once the cargo has been secured, it is essential to inspect and maintain the fastening regularly. This will help identify any issues before they become a problem and ensure that the fastening remains secure throughout the journey. The following steps should be taken during inspection and maintenance:

• Regular checks: The fastening should be checked regularly during transit to ensure that it remains tight and secure. This should be done at least once a day and after any severe weather conditions.
• Damage assessment: If any damage is found during inspection, it should be assessed immediately, and appropriate repairs should be made. This may involve replacing any damaged hardware or adjusting the fastening method.
• Maintenance schedule: A maintenance schedule should be created and followed to ensure that the fastening remains in good condition. This may involve regular cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn-out components.
• Record keeping: All inspections, maintenance, and repairs should be documented to ensure that the fastening meets regulatory requirements and to provide a record of the cargo’s journey.

Conclusion:

Sea fastening is a critical process in transporting cargo by sea. It is essential to understand the cargo, choose the right fastening method, secure the cargo correctly, and regularly inspect and maintain the fastening. Following these procedures will help ensure that the cargo and crew remain safe throughout the journey and that the cargo arrives at its destination intact.